Immobilization of anthraquinone-2-sulfonate on granular activated carbon for the reductive biotransformation of electrophilic contaminants
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24850/j-tyca-2025-04-02Keywords:
Redox mediator, reductive biotransformation, anaerobic sludge, electrophilic contaminantsAbstract
In this study the granular activated carbon (GAC) was used as supporting material to immobilize anthraquinone-2-sulfonate (AQS) to be applied as solid-phase redox mediator (RM) during the reductive biotransformation of methyl orange (MO) and Cr(VI), using anaerobic sludge. The modification of GAC was conducted using the Lucas reaction, achieving an adsorption capacity of 0.447 mmol/g. The modified material (GAC-Q) improved the reduction rate of both MO and Cr(VI), compared to the control with anaerobic sludge lacking GAC-Q. The kinetics results indicate that the reduction rate of MO with sludge + GAC-Q were 4.6- and 2.2- fold higher than the reduction rates of anaerobic sludge and with sludge + GAC, respectively. In addition, the reduction efficiency in the culture with sludge + GAC-Q achieved 89.7 %, and with the anaerobic sludge lacking RM was 24.9 %, evidencing that the indirect reduction catalyzed with the solid-phase RM was the main mechanism. For the Cr(VI), the highest reduction rate was achieved in the culture with sludge + GAC, followed by the culture with sludge + GAC-Q, with increments of 4.4- and 1.3- fold compared to the anaerobic sludge, respectively. Nonetheless, the adsorption process was also responsible for the Cr(VI) removal in addition to the direct and indirect reduction processes. The results indicate that the use of modified materials con RM represents a promissory strategy for the treatment of electrophilic pollutants discharged in effluents of different industrial sectors.
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