Evaluación de riesgo de sequía en unidades educativas del municipio de Sucre, Bolivia

Rosbeli Mendez; Apolonia Rodriguez; Carlos Carlos Gonzales; Katja Radón; Maria Teresa Solís

doi:10.24850/j-tyca-2026-05-04

Authors

Rosbeli Mendez Universidad Mayor Real y Pontificia San Francisco Xavier de Chuquisaca, Sucre, Bolivia https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0394-4168
Apolonia Rodriguez Universidad Mayor Real y Pontificia San Francisco Xavier de Chuquisaca, Sucre, Bolivia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9416-9787
Carlos Gonzales Universidad Mayor Real y Pontificia San Francisco Xavier de Chuquisaca, Sucre, Bolivia https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3702-4510
Katja Radón Ludwig Maximilian University Hospital-Institut für Arbeits-, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin-Center for International Health, Munich, Germany https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5271-3972
Maria Teresa Solís Centro de Competencia OH TARGET, Sucre, Bolivia. Universidad Mayor Real y Pontificia San Francisco Xavier de Chuquisaca, Sucre, Bolivia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4787-3688

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24850/j-tyca-2026-05-04

Keywords:

standardized drought index, SPI, drought, rural education, environmental education, risk assessment, geographical information systems, GIS, precipitation, rain, water storage, Bolivia

Abstract

In Bolivia, climate irregularities exacerbated by climate change are manifested in the increasing recurrence of droughts and the growing demand for potable water. The objective of this study was to develop a drought risk diagnosis at the level of rural educational units in the municipality of Sucre, Bolivia, within the framework of the ECOH-Water project, which seeks to build capacities for the access and use of rainwater in 65 Bolivian schools to ensure sustainable consumption. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and the general risk equation were applied to assess levels of hazard and vulnerability. Drought hazard was quantified using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), which accounts for the intensity of meteorological drought or precipitation deficit. Vulnerability to drought, defined as susceptibility to adverse effects, was evaluated using parameters including current land use, population density, distance to rivers, slope gradient, and slope orientation. Hazard and vulnerability indicators were spatially zoned using a standardized multicriteria analysis in GIS, resulting in a drought risk map. Based on the hazard assessment, 63 % of the municipal area was classified as experiencing very high drought, 17 % as high, 16 % as moderate, and 4 % as low. A total of 22 schools—representing 42 % of all rural educational units—were identified as being at moderate to high drought risk.

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