Physicochemical and CDOM characterisation of a main river in the north of Argentina
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24850/j-tyca-2026-05-01Keywords:
water chemistry, organic matter, river basins, chromophoric dissolved organic matter, CDOM, MODC, arid zones, irrigation, drinking water, water pollution, ArgentinaAbstract
This study investigated the water quality of the Dulce River in Santiago del Estero, Argentina—a key resource for human consumption and agricultural irrigation. Sampling was carried out in May, June, July, September, November, and December near a diversion dam. Analyses encompassed basic physicochemical parameters, major ions, nutrients and chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), alongside assessments of suitability for irrigation and drinking. The water exhibited alkaline characteristics, high mineralisation and dominance of sodium (Na⁺) and chloride (Cl⁻), classifying it hydrochemically as a sodium-chloride–sulphate type. Pronounced seasonal variations were observed, driven by hydrological regime and climate, with increased electrical conductivity and salinity in the dry season. Elevated nitrate and phosphate concentrations indicated anthropogenic influence, likely linked to contaminating activities. Physicochemical parameters generally complied with World Health Organization (WHO) and Argentine Food Code (CAA) standards for human consumption; however, salinity levels pose a risk for irrigation. CDOM variability reflected shifts in organic-matter sources and reactivity throughout the hydrological cycle: allochthonous inputs (soil and fresh vegetation) predominated during high-flow periods, whereas autochthonous contributions (primary productivity and organic-matter degradation) increased during low-flow conditions. In conclusion, the Dulce River’s chemical composition is primarily governed by natural geochemical processes, although evidence of anthropogenic input is apparent.
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