Recarga artificial mediante pozos secos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24850/j-tyca-15-01-06Keywords:
flujo no saturado, simulaciones numéricas, recarga artificial, recarga de acuíferos, gestión del agua, almacenamiento de agua en acuíferos y recuperaciónAbstract
La recarga artificial (managed aquifer recharge, MAR) es una estrategia de gestión de los recursos hídricos que utiliza a los acuíferos para el almacenamiento temporal de excedentes de agua superficial. Los sistemas que implementan la recarga artificial de acuíferos usan piscinas, o pozos profundos o someros para infiltrar agua. Mientras la recarga artificial a través de piscinas requiere grandes extensiones de terreno y la recarga mediante pozos profundos demanda altos costos de inversión, la infiltración mediante pozos secos ―que inyectan agua a la zona no saturada― es usualmente preferida como alternativa de recarga debido a su bajo costo y simple implementación. En este artículo presentamos resultados de simulaciones numéricas detalladas para evaluar la operación de un sistema de recarga artificial compuesto de un solo pozo seco. Demostramos que dependiendo de la distribución y de las propiedades de los sedimentos que componen el subsuelo, la operación del pozo puede producir diferentes resultados en términos de recarga efectiva. Esperamos que estos resultados sean útiles para el diseño de sistemas de recarga artificial y sirvan de soporte para tomadores de decisión a cargo de aprobar y financiar sistemas similares de gestión de agua.
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