Priorización de cuencas hidrográficas para la conservación del suelo y el agua basado en las técnicas GIS, PCA y WSA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24850/j-tyca-14-06-02Keywords:
erosión, morfometría, drenaje, análisis de conglomerados, análisis factorialAbstract
La conservación del suelo y el agua es una prioridad en las cuencas hidrográficas de las regiones áridas y semiáridas para la adecuada planificación y gestión integrada de los recursos hídricos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue priorizar 91 cuencas hidrográficas en 14 regiones del Perú con diferentes condiciones geográficas, hidrológicas y geológicas, mediante la integración de sistemas de información geográfica (SIG), análisis de componentes principales (PCA) y el análisis de suma ponderada (WSA). Se identificaron regiones homogéneas con el análisis de conglomerados jerárquico en el método de R y Ward. El resultado mostró la existencia de un 19.49 % del área total en categoría de alta y muy alta prioridad en dos regiones. Los resultados del análisis de conglomerados mostraron que el 35 % de las cuencas hidrográficas tiene zonas homogéneas dentro del factor geométrico y de forma, mientras que el 65 % dentro del factor de drenaje y relieve. En general, los métodos SIG, PCA y SWA son herramientas eficientes, que permiten a las autoridades encargadas la toma de decisiones para una mejor planificación y conservación de los recursos naturales en las cuencas hidrográficas.
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