Aplicación de técnicas de detección de cambios en el uso y la cobertura del suelo en la cuenca del río Pao, Venezuela, usando imágenes de satélites Landsat
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24850/j-tyca-2026-03-09Palabras clave:
uso de la tierra, teledetección, cuencas hidrográficas, cartografía, recursos hídricos, degradación ambiental, VenezuelaResumen
En esta investigación se aplicaron técnicas de variación espacio-temporal de cobertura y uso en la cuenca del río Pao, localizada espacialmente en territorio venezolano, mediante procesamiento de imágenes satelitales. Se adquirieron 11 imágenes de satélite desde satélites Landsat: L5TM, L7ETM SLC (Scan Line Corrector, por sus siglas en inglés)-on, L8OLI. Las técnicas para detección de cambios han sido posclasificación y preclasificación aplicadas entre imágenes de dos fechas: 1986-2016; 1990-2016; 1991-2016, 1998-2016, 1999-2016, 2000 SLC:on-2016, 2001-2016, 2002 SLC:on-2016, 2003 SLC:on-2016, 2015-2016. Se aplicaron siete métodos de preclasificación y uno de posclasificación. La categorización de métodos de preclasificación en orden del más al menos exacto para estimación de proporción de área de cambio/ningún cambio bitemporal en coberturas y usos terrestres en la cuenca del río Pao obtenida a partir de matriz de error y ajuste de métodos a características locales de escena en imagen del satélite Landsat dieron como resultado: 1) análisis de componentes principales, 2) diferencia de imágenes de reflectancia, 3) transformación Kauth-Thomas, 4) vector de cambio, 5) relación de imágenes de reflectancia, 6) diferencia de imágenes de índice de vegetación de diferencia normalizada y 7) regresión de imágenes de reflectancia. En el método de posclasificación, la diferencia de área correspondiente a la cuenca del río Pao entre 1986 (fecha 1) y 2016 (fecha 2) dio los siguientes resultados en clases: urbano, -1.37 %; agropecuario, -22.99 %; agrícola, 1.12 %; agua, 0.55 %; vegetación, 8.1 %; suelo degradado, 9.66 %; nubes, 2.49 %; sombras, 2.28 %. El método posclasificación ha sido la opción predominante con respecto a métodos de preclasificación.
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