Microplásticos en agua y sedimentos superficiales de la subcuenca Huangáscar del río Cañete, Perú
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24850/j-tyca-2026-05-02Palabras clave:
plásticos, microplásticos, análisis químico, contaminación del agua, sedimentación, agua superficial, desecho agrícola, río, cuenca fluvial, PerúResumen
La cuenca del río Cañete, ubicada en la región Lima en Perú, es un área de intensa actividad agrícola, principal fuente socioeconómica del valle y de alta demanda hídrica. En la subcuenca Huangáscar, esta actividad genera residuos, incluidos los plásticos, que terminan en quebradas y cuerpos de agua. Los microplásticos (MPs) son transportados por el flujo de agua del río y se acumulan en los sedimentos a lo largo de su cauce. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la abundancia y características físicas predominantes de los MPs (tamaño, color y forma) en el agua y sedimentos superficiales del río Huangáscar. Se tomaron muestras en nueve sitios (SH-1 a SH-9) y se analizaron en el laboratorio. La abundancia de MPs en agua superficial presentó medianas entre 55 y 170 ítems/m³, mientras que en sedimentos superficiales variaron entre 133.33 y 800 ítems/kg de sedimento seco. No se hallaron diferencias significativas en agua; sin embargo, en sedimentos se observó una diferencia significativa entre SH-01 y SH-03. El análisis de correlación no mostró una relación entre concentraciones de MPs en agua y en sedimentos. Las características predominantes fueron las siguientes: tamaños < 1 mm (60.64 % en agua; 5.44 % en sedimentos); color azul (54.19 % en agua; 56.38 % en sedimentos); y forma de fibra (61.72 % en agua; 66.43 % en sedimentos). Se concluye que la presencia de MPs fue baja, con predominio de partículas pequeñas, azules y fibrosas tanto en agua superficial como en sedimentos.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Tecnología y ciencias del agua
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