Revisión del estado del conocimiento entre sustentabilidad y generación hidroeléctrica: una visión desde Asia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24850/j-tyca-2025-03-01Keywords:
agua, energía, hidroelectricidad, renovable, sostenibleAbstract
En 2020, la energía hidroeléctrica es una tecnología ampliamente utilizada en 180 países. Esta fuente tiene 140 años de desarrollo; representa el 16 % de la energía generada en el mundo y 63 % de las renovables. El presente manuscrito tiene como objetivo desarrollar un estado del conocimiento que analice teorías científicas, hipótesis y proyectos para proponer esta revisión como un marco teórico robusto para conocer los efectos y las ventajas de la energía hidroeléctrica en Asia. Para la revisión, la metodología recolectó información científica de editoriales como Elsevier, Taylor & Francis y Springer. Se seleccionó al continente asiático por el número distintivo de proyectos hidroeléctricos y por representar más del 30 % de la generación hidroeléctrica mundial, al tener la mayor capacidad instalada. Según los estudios en 13 países asiáticos ―a lo largo de las proyecciones futuras―, el potencial hidroeléctrico disminuye con el tiempo en parte debido a la profunda interacción entre el agua y su ubicación; las variaciones del cambio climático, y la oposición de las personas cercanas a los proyectos en áreas a menudo remotas. El protagonismo de la hidroelectricidad irá cambiando de modo paulatino de una generación estable a fuente complementaria de otras energías renovables. Por otro lado, la hidroelectricidad, como la mayor fuente renovable en la actualidad, es competitiva en el precio de generación y responde a la creciente demanda de la población, por lo tanto, para construir sistemas de energía sostenibles, los formuladores de políticas, ingenieros y constructores deben adoptar procedimientos que organicen proyectos basados en criterios de sostenibilidad.
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